Much like mines in the modern age, scholars have long assumed that ancient mining and metallurgy were highly toxic and dangerous, claiming the industry had a long-term, detrimental effect on the ...

Around 5,000 years ago, people living in what is now Iran began extracting copper from rock by processing ore, an activity known as smelting. This monumental shift gave them a powerful new technology ...

Ancient copper smelting workshop unearthed in South Sinai Nevine El-Aref , Sunday 14 Sep 2025 An Egyptian archaeological mission has uncovered a copper smelting workshop, administrative buildings, and ...

The site where the Pharaohs' industrial smelting complex was discovered. Credit: Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities An Egyptian archaeological mission, as part of the ongoing excavation campaigns at ...

The five components of the property bear witness to the ancient nature and importance of iron production, and its impact on pre-colonial societies in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Dated to the ...

Copper smelting is an intricate high‐temperature process that converts copper concentrates into purer metallic copper through a series of chemical and thermal reactions. Central to modern smelting ...