Probability is the theory that allows us to make an inference from a sample to a population. It provides the mathematical and theoretical basis for quantifying uncertainty. Probability is also used ...

It may be common knowledge that p < .05 indicates statistical significance. Psychology students (and others) are often taught that p < .05 means the probability (p) of rejecting the null hypothesis ...

Key points The history of statistical significance can be traced to statistician Ronald Fisher in the early 1920s. The concept of statistical significance arose through mere happenstance. Replication ...